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Dear colleagues,
I would be very thankful if someone could provide information on
doses associated with toxicity of the table salt. In other words,
what doses or dosing regimens might cause toxicity?
Any reference is highly appreciated.
BP
[Probably more concentration than amount? - db]
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The following message was posted to: PharmPK
Cheers,
According to Toxnet ChemID plus research tool, the toxicity of table
salt has been reported in numerous species.
Organism Test Type Route Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) Effect Source
dog LDLo intravenous 2gm/kg (2000mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: SOMNOLENCE
(GENERAL DEPRESSED ACTIVITY) Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie
und Pharmakologie. Vol. 21, Pg. 119, 1886.
guinea pig LDLo intraarterial 300mg/kg (300mg/kg) Naunyn-
Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und
Pharmakologie. Vol. 131, Pg. 171, 1928.
guinea pig LDLo intravenous 300mg/kg (300mg/kg) Naunyn-
Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und
Pharmakologie. Vol. 131, Pg. 171, 1928.
guinea pig LDLo parenteral 300mg/kg (300mg/kg) Naunyn-
Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und
Pharmakologie. Vol. 131, Pg. 171, 1928.
guinea pig LDLo subcutaneous 2160mg/kg (2160mg/kg) "Abdernalden's
Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1289, 1935.
human TDLo oral 12357mg/kg/23 (12357mg/kg) VASCULAR: BP ELEVATION NOT
CHARACTERIZED IN AUTONOMIC SECTION American Journal of Digestive
Diseases. Vol. 21, Pg. 180, 1954.
man LDLo oral 1gm/kg (1000mg/kg) SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES:
OTHER: EYE BEHAVIORAL: CHANGES IN MOTOR ACTIVITY (SPECIFIC ASSAY)
Mayo Clinic Proceedings. Vol. 65, Pg. 1587, 1990.
mouse LD50 intracervical 131mg/kg (131mg/kg) Tohoku Yakka Daigaku
Kenkyu Nempo. Annual Report of the Tohoku College of Pharmacy. Vol.
27, Pg. 131, 1980.
mouse LD50 intraperitoneal 2602mg/kg (2602mg/kg) Comptes Rendus
Hebdomadaires des Seances, Academie des Sciences. Vol. 256, Pg. 1043,
1963.
mouse LD50 intravenous 645mg/kg (645mg/kg) Arzneimittel-Forschung.
Drug Research. Vol. 7, Pg. 445, 1957.
mouse LD50 oral 4gm/kg (4000mg/kg) Farmaco, Edizione Pratica. Vol.
27, Pg. 19, 1972.
mouse LD50 subcutaneous 3gm/kg (3000mg/kg) Arzneimittel-Forschung.
Drug Research. Vol. 7, Pg. 445, 1957.
rabbit LD50 skin > 10gm/kg (10000mg/kg) BIOFAX Industrial Bio-Test
Laboratories, Inc., Data Sheets. Vol. 20-3/1971,
rabbit LDLo intravenous 1100mg/kg (1100mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: CONVULSIONS
OR EFFECT ON SEIZURE THRESHOLD /BEHAVIORAL: MUSCLE CONTRACTION OR
SPASTICITY /CARDIAC: OTHER CHANGES Archiv fuer Experimentelle
Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 21, Pg. 119, 16.
rabbit LDLo oral 8gm/kg (8000mg/kg) "Abdernalden's Handbuch der
Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1289, 1935.
rat LC50 inhalation > 42gm/m3/1H (42000mg/m3) BIOFAX Industrial Bio-
Test Laboratories, Inc., Data Sheets. Vol. 20-3/1971,
rat LD50 oral 3gm/kg (3000mg/kg) Toxicology and Applied
Pharmacology. Vol. 20, Pg. 57, 1971.
rat LDLo subcutaneous 3500mg/kg (3500mg/kg) BEHAVIORAL: IRRITABILITY
Endocrinology Vol. 24, Pg. 523, 1939.
You will find other data in http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/index.html.
Best wishes,
Jerome del Castillo, D.M.V., Ph.D.
Universite de Montreal
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The following message was posted to: PharmPK
From Poisindex:
RANGE OF TOXICITY
A) One level tablespoon (17.85 grams) is approximately 305 mEq of
sodium, and if retained, would raise serum levels by 30.5 mEq/L in a
3-year-old child (estimating 10 L of extracellular fluid volume).
B) Central nervous system signs and symptoms are common above 150 to
160 mEq/L. At such levels, there is a 10 percent chance of seizures
which increases when levels reach 160 to 185 mEq/L. Death is a
frequent occurrence above 185 mEq/L.
C) Ingestion of 0.5 to 1 g/kg will be toxic in most patients.
and
a) The bulk pour density of NaCl (table salt) is 1.19 gram/
milliliter, thus one measuring tablespoon holding 15 milliliters of
water would hold:
1.19 g
------ x 15 mL = 17.85 g NaCl
1 mL
b) The molecular weight of sodium is 23 g/mole and chloride is 35.5
g/mole.
c) One mmol of Na = 23 g divided by 1000 = 23 mg. One mmol (23 mg) =
1 mEq since Na is monovalent.
d) Thus, 1 mEq of sodium is contained in 23 + 35.5 or 58.5 mg of
NaCl. One gram of NaCl contains 17.1 mEq of sodium (1000 divided by
58.5).
e) 17,850 mg (1 tablespoon) NaCl
---------------------------- = 305 mEq of Na
58.5 mg/mEq
2) OTHER
a) Estimation of potential increase in serum sodium in
milliequivalents/Liter (Ellenhorn & Barceloux, 1988) -
1. Ingested dose in mg
---------------------------- = mEq
Molecular weight of NaCl
2. mEq mEq
---------------------------- = ---
(Weight in kg x Vd in L/kg) L
3. Definitions
a. 1 TBSP = 250 to 375 mEq NaCl
b. 1 TSP = 125 mEq NaCl
c. Vd = 0.6 L/kg
Wolowich
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